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1.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 31(3): 808-817, may./jun. 2015.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-963888

ABSTRACT

O balanço energético permite identificar as possíveis entradas e saídas de energia no processo de produção, resultando no saldo energético final do processo produtivo. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os fluxos de energia de diferentes sistemas de cultivo para produção de milho na região de Lavras-MG. Foi realizado o estudo da eficiência energética e o balanço energético quantificando-se o coeficiente energético de cada componente envolvido no processo de produção e se determinaram as matrizes de consumo energético nas formas de insumos, mão-de-obra, equipamentos, produção de grãos e restos culturais. Foi utilizado o delineamento de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, onde os tratamentos eram constituídos pelos sistemas de manejo de solo. Para os dados das entradas e saídas de energia, balanço energético e a eficiência, os mesmos quando significativos foram submetidos ao teste de comparação de média Scot-Knott a 5 % de probabilidade. Os resultados indicaram que a contribuição do dispêndio energético dos fertilizantes, herbicidas e combustíveis foi determinante para o elevado consumo energético dos sistemas de cultivo estudados, sendo o efeito contrario para as energias referentes às fontes de origem biológica. Para as condições do presente experimento, dentre os sistemas de condução avaliados, do ponto de vista energético os sistemas de plantio direto, cultivo mínimo e convencional apresentaram o mesmo desempenho.


The energetic balance permits to identify all the possible energy inputs and outputs in the production system, resulting in the final energetic balance of the productive process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the energy flows of different crop systems for maize production in Lavras-MG. A study of energy efficiency and energy balance was conducted, quantifying the energy ratio of each component involved in the production process and determined the matrices in the forms of energy inputs, labor, equipment, grain and debris cultural. A randomized block design was used with four replications, where treatments were made by the studied treatments. For data inputs and outputs of energy, energy balance and efficiency, they were significant when tested for comparison of average Scot-Knott at 5% probability. The results indicated the contribution of energy expenditure of fertilizers, herbicides and fuel was crucial to the energy intensive farming systems studied, the opposite effect to the energies related to sources of biological origin. For the conditions of this experiment, among the conducted systems evaluated from the point of view of energy systems of tillage, minimum tillage and conventional showed the same performance.


Subject(s)
Soil , Crop Production , Crops, Agricultural , Zea mays
2.
Rev. colomb. cienc. pecu ; 20(4): 455-471, dic. 2007. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-559241

ABSTRACT

El propósito de este trabajo fue determinar la influencia del mérito genético para la producción de leche sobre el balance energético, los indicadores del metabolismo energético y la reactivación ovárica posparto. Para este estudio, se utilizaron 10 vacas Holstein puras de diferente mérito genético para la producción de leche, que se alimentan bajo un sistema de pastoreo rotacional con suplementación de concentrado. A estos animales se les realizó un seguimiento durante los 10.4 (± 2.5), 21.6 (± 4.3), 31.8(± 4.5), 42.3 (± 4.2), y 51.9 (± 3.9) días posparto, los cuales constituyeron los periodos de muestreo. En cada muestreo, los animales fueron pesados con cinta métrica, se les evaluó la con se estimó su balance de energía. Además, se tomaron muestras de suero sanguíneo para evaluar las concentraciones de glucosa y colesterol; y se efectuó un seguimiento de la reactivación ovárica por ultrasonografía. La mayoría de las vacas reiniciaron su actividad ovárica en la segunda semana posparto y más de la mitad presentaron su primera ovulación durante el periodo experimental. Se encontró una relación estadísticamente significativa (p<0.05) y con pendiente negativa entre el mérito genético para la producción de leche y la magnitud del nadir del BEN, sin embargo el mérito genético no tuvo influencia significativa sobre los días al nadir del BEN, dado que las vacas de mérito genético alto, como bajo incrementaron el consumo y la producción de leche siguiendo patrones similares, pero con magnitudes diferentes. De igual forma el merito genético no se relacionó significativamente con los días a la primera ovulación. Además, ninguna de las variables del balance de energía, ni los metabolitos sanguíneos afectaron los días a la primera ovulación o el número de folículos clasificados por tamaño.


The aim of this research was to establish the genetic merit for milk yield influence on energy balance, energy metabolic profiles and the postpartum ovarian resumption. In this research, 10 pure-Holstein Friesian dairy cows, varying in genetic merit values for milk yield and fed on a rotational-grazing system with a supplementary concentrate ration were used. A serial of examinations were performed on10.4 (± 2.5), 21.6 (± 4.3), 31.8 (± 4.5), 42.3 (± 4.2), and 51.9 (± 3.9) postpartum days. In every sampling day animals were weighed by tape measure, their body condition score were calculated and the energy balance was estimated for every cow. In addition, blood serum tests were performed to analyze glucose and cholesterol blood concentration and an ultrasonographic assessment was executed to determine ovarian resumption. Nearly all cows had an ovarian resumption on the second week postpartum and more than a half had shown their first postpartum ovulation on the trial period. The genetic merit values for milk yield were not related with production values, therefore, the dependent variables of milk yield did not fluctuated with genetic merit. There was a significant negative relationship (p<0.05) between genetic merit for milk production and the nadir extent of net energy balance (NEB). Although, the genetic merit did not have significant influence on the number of days between calving to the nadir-attaining day, because high genetic merit cows as low genetic merit cows increased the intake and milk yield following similar patterns, but with different extents. In the same way, the genetic merit did not have significant relationship with the interval of calving to first ovulation. Furthermore, no one of the energy balance variables or blood metabolites influenced the interval of calving to first ovulation or the amount of follicles classified by size.


Subject(s)
Animals , Genetics , Energy Intake/genetics , Energy Metabolism/genetics , Ovulation/genetics , Postpartum Period
3.
Motriz rev. educ. fís. (Impr.) ; 13(3): 165-173, 2007. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-482272

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o estado nutricional de um grupo de atletas de ginástica artística. Participaram do estudo 14 atletas, com idade entre 11 e 15 anos, classificadas, de acordo com os critérios estabelecidos pela OMS (1995), como pré-puberes. Foram avaliados: massa corporal, estatura, e calculado o IMC (índice de massa corporal). A composição corporal foi avaliada a partir de bioimpedância elétrica (Biodynamics, 450e). O gasto energético de repouso (GER) e o gasto energético diário foram analisados por calorimetria indireta (VO2000- Inbrasport) adicionada do fator atividade (diário de atividade física). A partir de três diários alimentares foi calculada a ingestão de: energia (Kcal), macronutrientes (g), fibras (g), ferro (mg), cálcio (mg) e vitamina C. Algumas variáveis foram correlacionadas a partir do coeficiente de Pearson (p<0,05). Principais resultados: IMC = 15,85 ± 1,39Kg/m2; gordura corporal= 11,64 ± 3,16 e massa magra corporal= 27,06 ± 5,14Kg. Os valores obtidos por calorimetria ndireta não apresentaram correlação significativa com as fórmulas preditivas. O balanço energético foi negativo para o grupo (-1143,08Kcal). As alterações no balanço energético e a baixa gordura corporal observadas no presente estudo apontam para a necessidade de trabalhos educativos junto às atletas e seus técnicos no que diz respeito à alimentação, ao controle da massa corporal e à saúde.


The nutritional status of artistic gymnasts (14 girls, 11 to 15 years old, without menarche and pubertal signals) was evaluated. Body mass, stature, and body mass index (BMI) have been measured together with body composition, evaluated by bioelectrical impedance. Daily energetic expenditure was calculated from resting metabolic rate (RMR) including the activity factor, obtained from daily physical activity. Three food diary were filled by the evaluated group, from which the ingested energy (Kcal), macronutrients (g), dietetic fiber (g), iron (mg), calcium (mg) and vitamin C (mg) were obtained. Correlations among variables were calculated from Pearson´s coefficient, adopting p<0,05. The main results were: BMI = 15,85 ± 1,39Kg/m2; body fat= 11,64 ± 3,16 and 3,59 ± 1,32Kg; lean mass= 27,06 ± 5,14Kg. Energetic balance presented negative values (-1143, 08Kcal). The energetic balance alterations and low body fat found in the present study pointed the need of education programs with the athletes and technical staff, regarding feeding schedule, body weight control and health.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Adolescent , Nutritional Status/physiology , Gymnastics/physiology , Energy Metabolism/physiology , Adolescent Development , Anthropometry , Calorimetry, Indirect , Child Development , Body Composition/physiology , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Electric Impedance , Eating/physiology , Energy Intake/physiology , Medical History Taking , Basal Metabolism/physiology
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